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El telepeaje en el túnel de Cumbayá Imprimir E-Mail

Una medida para reflexionar sobre el uso del espacio público
 
Por Alexandra Velasco y Diego Puente

Ya van a ser nueve meses desde que se inauguró el túnel Oswaldo Guayasamín de 1 343 metros de longitud, el
Estación Centralmás gran¬de del Ecuador, y por el cual circulan al¬rededor de 20 mil vehículos diariamente. Los transportes de carga y colectivos no pueden circular por esta vía. En noviem¬bre del año 2005 el Concejo Metropolita¬no de Quito aprobó una ordenanza para el cobro del peaje en dicho túnel. La Empre¬sa Municipal de Obras Públicas de Quito EMOP-Q anunció el cobro de este valor a través de un sistema de telepeaje, el cual consiste en la colocación de un dispositivo electrónico, el TAG, en el parabrisas del carro. Las casetas de control registran el paso del vehículo, sin necesidad de que los vehículos se detengan. Según Iván Al¬varado, gerente general de la EMOP esto representa un ahorro en tiempo y dinero ya que no se necesita personal para cobrar el peaje, vallas de seguridad, sistemas de facturación, etc.
Sin embargo, algunas personas se resisten a comprar la tarjeta electrónica debido a su costo (USD 30) que equivale a 75 pasa¬das, es decir, 40 centavos por vez. Según Alvarado, los usuarios frecuentes sí están de acuerdo con el valor y el sistema de peaje, pero son los ocasionales quienes se resisten al cobro.
Para Janko Mesec, morador del valle y que sube a Quito diariamente, le parece un valor excesivo por los embotellamien¬tos y la distancia recorrida (1,5 km). “El tráfico en las horas pico puede retardar a cualquiera de los moradores hasta treinta minutos para llegar a su destino. El Muni¬cipio afirma que este dinero servirá para mantener la vía hasta Tumbaco, que la utilizamos todos, no solo los que pasa¬mos por el túnel, entonces el transporte público y pesado también debería pagar porque ellos son quienes causan mayor daño y accidentes en la vía”. Otra mo¬radora, Verónica Rodríguez, opina que el peaje debería estar ubicado en la Grana¬dos que tiene una mayor extensión y cir¬culación de vehículos. “Las casetas están mal ubicadas poniendo en peligro la vida de los conductores”.
La EMOP-Q cree que el sistema de tele¬peaje es el ideal ya que evita la pérdida de tiempo en el cobro. No obstante, ana¬liza la posibilidad de implementar una combinación con peaje manual. No se va a impedir pasar a aquellas personas que no compren el TAG. “Nadie les va a pro¬hibir. Simplemente el sistema realizará una fotografía de la placa y luego se les notificará el pago mediante la matrícula u otro sistema”, afirma Iván Alvarado.

Una tarifa y sus posibles soluciones

El valor del telepeaje se justifica debi¬do a los 7 km menos que recorren los autos frente a vías alternas (Interocéa¬nica y Conquistadores), lo que implica un ahorro de combustibles, lubricantes, gasto del motor y tiempo. La EMOP-Q ha calculado que ese ahorro equivale a USD 2 diarios, sin embargo, ha estable¬cido una tarifa de 40 centavos por dicho ahorro. Adicional a la racionalidad eco¬nómica que podría justificar el cobro de ciertos impuestos, tasas, gravámenes y peajes, las autoridades locales de¬berían tener una motivación diferente para promover el cumplimiento de es¬tas prácticas entre los ciudadanos, es¬pecialmente, en el caso del telepeaje de Cumbayá. El tema va más allá del costo ahorrado por la disminución de kilómetros y tiempos de viaje. La im¬posición del pago de ciertos valores es útil no solo para volver sostenibles y recuperar las inversiones realizadas en la infraestructura, así como su mante¬nimiento; en el caso del telepeaje sirve también para empezar una cultura ciu¬dadana más consciente sobre las verda¬deras implicaciones del uso irracional del vehículo privado. Muchos podrían pensar que cobrar por el uso de ciertos espacios públicos, como en el caso de la zona azul de La Mariscal, significa pri¬vatizar el espacio público en la medida que solo los que tienen para pagar po¬drían usarlo. No obstante, consideramos que estas medidas pueden generar pro¬puestas para enfrentar las dificultades que provoca la circulación excesiva del parque automotor como la contamina¬ción del aire, los accidentes de tránsi¬to, el ruido, la disminución del espacio público, el estrés y las enfermedades. Estos efectos podrían disminuir si, por ejemplo, con el cobro del peaje pro¬moviéramos, entre los usuarios de las autopistas, prácticas como compartir el auto. Si se combina el telepeaje con el cobro manual, los carros que van con todos los pasajeros permitidos no pagan peaje. Sería una manera de compartir la responsabilidad de solucionar los pro¬blemas de congestión y contaminación que soportan los usuarios de transporte público y privado.
El cobro del peaje podría ser una estra¬tegia que, potenciada y pensada para el efecto, alentaría a varios ciudadanos a dejar de utilizar indiscriminadamente sus automóviles. Esto, sin duda alguna, requiere contar con un servicio público de transporte de calidad, factor que por rebote le toca a la Alcaldía Metropolita¬na, pero también a los operadores de los buses que llegan al valle de Cumbayá y Tumbaco. Esto no hace otra cosa más que demostrar la necesidad de pensar los problemas y sus soluciones de una manera global.

 
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Encuestas
¿Está de acuerdo en permitir el paso de autos en carriles exclusivos de buses?
 
En Quito, ¿Usted cree que una ciclovía de transporte cotidiano debe ir por?
 
¿Quién consideras debe administrar los espacios públicos?
 
¿Considera que la nueva ley de transito protege al ciclista?
 
Diego Apolo Buenaño
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